What do Brooklyn's hard-scrabble, tough-as-nails waterfronts have in common with the neon-clad, often flighty mom-and-pop motels along Route 66 have in common?
They are among the 11 sites listed recently in the National Trust for Historic Preservation's 2007 list of America's Most Endangered Historic Spaces.
"The sites on this year's list embody the diversity and complexity of America's story, and the variety of threats that endanger it," said Richard Moe, the Trust's president. "The places on this year's list span the continent and encompass the breadth of the American experience. Each one is enormously important to our understanding of who we are as a nation and a people."
The list also includes the hallowed remnants of a World War II-era internment camp in Idaho, a pristine portion of the of the 16th Century El Camino Real trade route in New Mexico, 70 historic structures in the Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri, and sacred buildings in California's Stewart's Point Rancheria, home to the Hashia Pomo Indians.
The National Trust is a private, nonprofit membership organization dedicated to protecting the irreplaceable. It was founded in 1949 to provide leadership, education, advocacy, and resources to save America's diverse historic places and revitalize communities.
Since 1988, the group has identified 189 threatened one-of-a-kind historic treasures. The list is intended to put a spotlight on historic places throughout America that are threatened by neglect, insufficient funds, inappropriate development or insensitive public policy.
While a listing does not ensure the protection of a site or guarantee funding, the designation has been a powerful tool for raising awareness and rallying resources to save endangered sites from every region of the country.
Take the Ennis House, the grandest of Frank Lloyd Wright's textile-block houses, which was damaged by an earthquake in 1994. Since its listing last year, the Ennis House Foundation has been able to embark upon the first phase of renovation.
According to the Trust, the "11 Most" list has been so successful in galvanizing preservation efforts across the country and rallying resources to save one-of-a-kind landmarks that in just two decades, 52 percent of the sites have been saved and rehabilitated. While the fight is not over for many of these historic places, only six sites have been lost since the progam was launched 20 years ago. Here's a brief look at the sites on the 2007 list:
- Brooklyn's Industrial Waterfront, N.Y. -- Once a booming 19th century industrial waterfront supported by generations of immigrants, Brooklyn's heritage is at risk as historic dockyards and factories are being demolished by developers anxious to cash in on the area's newly hip status.
- El Camino Real National Historic Trail, N. M. -- The earliest Euro-American trade route in the United States, the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, known for its austere physical beauty, rural solitude and remote isolation, is threatened by a $225 million commercial Spaceport, a venture planned adjacent to one of the most pristine and sacred segments of the trail.
- H.H. Richardson House, Brookline, Mass. -- The last home and studio of famed 19th-century American architect Henry Hobson (H.H.) Richardson, the creator of Boston's much loved landmark Trinity Church, is vacant and vulnerable to demolition unless a preservation-minded buyer comes forth to rescue the legacy of the man who created the "Richardsonian Romanesque" style of architecture.
- Hialeah Park, Hialeah, Fl. -- The drop-dead glamorous 1925 racetrack known for its stunning Mediterranean architecture and pink flamingos, Hialeah Park, frequented by celebrities such as Winston Churchill, Harry Truman and Seabiscuit, is threatened with a planned 3,760-unit condominium and apartment complex with nearly one-million-square feet of retail and 200,000-square-feet of office space. The project would destroy much of the storied park.
- Historic Places in Powerline Corridors, Va., W. Va., Md., Pa., N.Y., N.J., Del. -- Seven states are waging battles to protect everything that's irreplaceable about their communities as massive 150-foot tall, 75-foot wide power lines are planned that will blight historic landscapes and usurp private property rights. Proposed lines would cut through private land, publicly held open space, neighborhoods, historic sites, historic districts and magnificent viewsheds.
- Historic Structures in Mark Twain National Forest, Mo. -- Established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, the 1.5-million-acre Mark Twain National Forest is known for rocky bluffs, pastoral views and historical sites which speak to the region's rich heritage, from intact 19th-century frontier farmsteads to New Deal-era fire lookouts and ranger stations. Today, due to U.S. Forest Service budget limitations, many properties are vacant, unsecured, deteriorating and threatened with demolition.
- Historic Route 66 Motels, Illinois to California. -- Affectionately called "The Mother Road," Route 66 is known for quirky roadside attractions and unique mom-and-pop motels, constructed between the late 1920 and late 1950s and often clad in neon. In recent years, Route 66 motels in hot real estate markets have been torn down at record rates. In slow or slumbering real-estate markets, on the other hand, the motels languish and are being reclaimed by the forces of nature.
- Minidoka Internment National Monument, Jerome County, Id. -- From 1942 to 1945, thousands of Nikkei (Japanese American citizens and immigrants of Japanese ancestry) were sent to south central Idaho to live in camps under armed guard at the Minidoka Relocation Center. Today a national monument, the site, which once contained more than 600 buildings, offers scant visitor services or interpretive information, is routinely looted of artifacts and is threatened by insensitive local land-use planning, including the proposed siting of a massive animal feed operation just over a mile away.
- Philip Simmons Workshop and Home, Charleston, S.C. -- Beloved master blacksmith Philip Simmons has spent the better part of 80 years adorning his hometown with intricate ornamental ironwork -- gates, fences, stair rails and window grills. But with no plans to preserve his home and studio, the legacy of this 95-year-old artisan is in jeopardy.
- Pinon Canyon, Colo. -- In Southeastern Colorado, under uninterrupted blue skies, Pinon Canyon is an area of scenic buttes, river valleys, family ranches and historic and archeological sites that span 11,500 years. The area is threatened by the U.S. Army's plans to expand its maneuver training ground by as much as 408,000 acres, a move that could lead to forced condemnation of private lands and damage or destroy historic Santa Fe Trail monuments, ranches, and historic and prehistoric archeological sites.
- Stewart's Point Rancheria , Sonoma County, Calif. -- The Kashia Pomo Native American tribe has inhabited this Northern California land for thousands of years. But because a federal program to protect tribal historic resources is seriously underfunded, the Kashia, like many tribes, is losing its sacred and historic sites to looters, vandals and the elements.
